Breaking the Silence: Understanding Suicide and Suicide Prevention

Sep 13

Written By: Maria "Danni" Pardo-Vera, RMHCI

As many of you may or may not know, September is National Suicide Prevention Month. Suicide is often a topic that we shy away from; however, not talking about it doesn’t make it go away. In fact, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 49,000 people died by suicide in 2022. What's more, 13.2 million people seriously contemplated suicide, 3.8 million made arrangements for suicide, and 1.6 million attempted suicide (CDC, 2024). Suicide is a complex issue, but here is what we know so far.

Language Matters

When discussing suicide, it’s important to use the right language. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIH), suicide is defined as the act of intentionally harming oneself with the intent to end one's life. A suicide attempt is defined as an instance where someone harms themselves with the intent to die, but it does not result in death. Terms like "failed suicide" or "successful suicide" should be avoided due to their negative connotations. It is better to use terms like "death by suicide" or "suicide death."

Risk Factors

When discussing suicide, it’s important to take note of risk factors. The presence of one or more risk factors doesn’t guarantee that suicide will occur; nonetheless, understanding these factors is crucial for determining the best interventions and reducing the risk of suicide. Key risk factors include a history of previous attempts, medical conditions, mental health conditions, substance use disorders, loss, conflictive relationships, discrimination, community violence, transitions of care, a family or loved one’s history of suicide, historical trauma, and social isolation. Additionally, specific groups—such as different age groups, occupations, veterans, and those defined by race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation—may have their own distinct risk factors (Suicide data and statistics 2024).

Warning Signs

Warning signs can be categorized into emotional and behavioral changes:

Behavioral changes that may indicate suicide risk include talking about wanting to die, researching methods of suicide, or obtaining materials for a suicide plan; increased risky behavior; social isolation; increased drug or alcohol use; saying goodbye to people; giving away possessions; creating a will; extreme physical changes; and changes in sleeping and eating patterns.
Emotional changes that may signal suicide risk include expressing feelings of guilt and shame; talking about feeling like a burden; increased anxiety; extreme mood swings (from being very sad to suddenly happy or calm); feelings of hopelessness and purposelessness; talking about seeking revenge; and feeling trapped. If a person has risk factors and exhibits warning signs, they may be at a higher risk of suicide. (Suicide Prevention 2024)

Protective Factors

Certain factors can help reduce the risk of suicide attempts. These protective factors help individuals cope with difficult situations and feelings during a crisis. Examples of protective factors include having a strong sense of purpose for living, such as family, friends, pets, or even hobbies like gardening. Feeling connected to one's cultural identity and having strong problem-solving, coping, and emotional regulation skills are also important protective factors. Additionally, limiting access to lethal means or objects that can be used to harm oneself, such as firearms, knives, medications, or alcohol, can also serve as protective factors (Risk factors, protective factors, and warning signs, 2024).

What Can You Do?

With all of this in mind, what can you do to help a loved one who exhibits these signs or has expressed suicidal intent? Talking about suicide is often seen as a bid for attention; however, it is actually a cry for help and connection. Openly discussing suicide does not increase one’s risk, but rather decreases stigma, fosters connections, and reduces the risk of an individual dying by suicide. Thus, it is crucial to talk about it openly.

Start by validating the person’s feelings without arguing, diminishing, or dismissing them. Even if you do not understand or know how to help, simply being there is important. Let the individual know how their death would impact you and that you would miss them. Do not be afraid to ask for details and possible plans. Use direct language when asking about suicide and clarify if they mean to end their life. Develop a safety plan with the individual and encourage them to seek professional help. Below are some resources for further exploration and hotlines to call. However, if you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call 911.

Don’t let the end of September end the conversation—suicide prevention can happen every day. If you or someone you know is struggling with thoughts of suicide, please know that help is available. Reach out to a trusted friend, family member, or professional. You don't have to face this alone—resources like the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-8255) are here for you 24/7.

If you're looking for support in navigating suicide prevention for yourself or a loved one, I’m here to help. Let's talk about how I can provide guidance during this challenging time. Call (754) 308-5525 today to get connected and start the conversation.

Together, we can break the stigma, offer support, and create a world where no one feels that suicide is their only option. Take the first step towards hope and healing today!

Resources

- 988: A free, confidential resource available 24/7. Speak or text a trained, judgment-free counselor.
- 211: A free, confidential resource that connects individuals with caring experts. If you are in South Florida, the following mobile crisis lines are available for mental health assessments. However, If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call 911!
- Broward County: Mobile Crisis (954-463-0911)
- Miami-Dade County: Mobile Response Team (800-435-7968)
- Monroe County: Mobile Response Team (305-434-7660)
- Palm Beach Area, South County: Mobile Crisis (561-637-2102)